Los microplásticos en el entorno acuático: Un vistazo a la cinética, mecanismo de degradación, impacto ambiental y en la salud humana: Microplastics in the aquatic environment: An overview of kinetics, degradation mechanism, environmental and human health impact
Autor
Cuadra, Víctor
Lezcano, Ritzela
Bayard, Carmelo
Villarreal, José
Robinson-Duggon, José
Miranda-Montenegro, Mario Luis
Metadatos
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Since their origin in the 1950s, plastics have become a ubiquitous material in the daily life of our societies.
Despite their wide range of uses, the slow degradation of these materials in the environment has led to
an emerging pollution problem with unknown consequences. The objective of this review is to assess the
impact of the introduction of microplastics into our ecosystems. Recent reports indicate that microplastics have spread to pristine environments such as the planet's poles. The degradation of plastic
materials into smaller particles called microplastics when their diameter is less than 5 mm and their
ingestion by various organisms raises the question of is the long-term effect on ecosystem health.
Adverse effects on the metabolism of microorganisms, fish, and humans have been widely documented.
The ability of these particles to mobilize environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, hydrocarbons,
and even viruses has also been reported. These adverse effects include metabolic alterations, formation
of reactive oxygen species, and modification of inflammatory processes. We can conclude that
microplastic particles are present in various niches of terrestrial ecosystems and that their degradation
introduces potentially disruptive chemical compounds into them. Understanding the origin,
transformation, and role in transporting and releasing pollutants into the environment will allow us to
design strategies to minimize them.